PAPERS, ARTICLES AND BOOKS INVOLVING
 
SAI™ BUBBLE GENERATOR SYSTEMS
 

 
1.

Hale, R. W., Tan, P. and Ordway, D. E., "Experimental Investigation of Several Neutrally-Buoyant Bubble Generators For Aerodynamic Flow Visualization", Naval Research Reviews, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 19-24, June 1971.

 
2.

Hale, R. W., Tan, P., Stowell, R. C. and Ordway, D. E., “Development Of An Integrated System For Flow Visualization In Air Using Neutrally- Buoyant Bubbles”, SAI-RR 7107, SAGE ACTION, Inc., P. O. Box 416, Ithaca, NY, December 1971.

 
3.

Costello, II, J. P., "Smoke And Helium Bubble Visualization Studies of Incompressible Flow Past a Jetflap Airfoil", Master of Science Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, June 1972.
 
4.
Klimas, P., "Helium Bubble Survey Of An Opening Parachute Flowfield", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 10, No. 9, pp. 567-569, September 1973.
 
5.
Iwan, L. S., Hale, R. W., Tan, P. and Stowell, R. C., “Transonic Flow Visualization With Neutrally-Buoyant Bubbles”, SAI-RR 7304, SAGE ACTION, Inc., P. O. Box 416, Ithaca, NY, December, 1973.
 
6.
Shaw, C. S. and Wilson, J. C., "Wind-Tunnel Investigation Of Simulated Helicopter Engine-Exhaust Interacting With Windstream", NASA LWP-1142, December 1973.
 
7.
Empey, R. W. and Ormiston, R. A., "Tail-Rotor Thrust On A 5.5-Foot Helicopter Model in Ground Effect", American Helicopter Society, 30th Annual National Forum, May 1974.
 
8.
Jacobsen, N., Robbins, C., Stevens, D. and Moen, A., "Thermal Exchange and Physiology Of The White-Tailed Deer", New York Food and Life Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 11-16, July-September 1974.
 
9.
Miner, D. D. and Gloss, B. B., “Flow Visualization Study of Close-Coupled Canard-Wing and Strake-Wing Configuration”, NASA TM X-72668, March 1975.
 
10.
Huq, R., "An Experiment For Quantitative Visualization Of Boundary-Layer Flow", Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, June 1975.
 
11.
Colladay, R. S. and Russell, L. M., "Flow Visualization Of Discrete Hole Film Cooling For Gas Turbine Applications", NASA TM X-71766, December 1975.
 
12.
Hale, R. W. and Ordway, D. E., “High-Lift Capabilities From Favorable Flow Interaction With Close-Coupled Canards”, SAI-RR-7501, December 1975.
 
13.
Granger, R. A., "A Laboratory Simulation Of Weak Strength Tornados", IJMEE, Vol. 3, No. 4, IMechE & UMIST, pp. 289-302, 1975.
 
14.
Colladay, R. S. and Russell, L. M., "Streakline Flow Visualization Of Discrete-Hole Film Cooling With Normal, Slanted And Compound Angle Injection", NASA TN D-8248, September 1976.
 
15.
Hale, R. W. and Ordway, D. E., “Prediction Of Aerodynamic Loads On Close-Coupled Canard Configurations - Theory And Experiment”, Paper No. 9, SAGE ACTION, Inc., P. O. Box 416, Ithaca, NY, September, 1976.
 
16.
-----, "Airflow Visualized By Bubbles", Appliance Engineer, Technology Report, p. 66, February 1977.
 
17.
Ogden, T. L. and Birkett, J. L., "The Human Head As A Dust Sampler", "Inhaled Particles IV", Part 1. Proceedings of an International Symposium Organized By The British Occupational Hygiene Society, 22-26 September 1975, Pergamon Press, 1977.
 
18.
Rayment, R. and Hilton, M., "The Use Of Bubbles In A Wind Tunnel For Flow Visualization And The Possible Representation Of Raindrops", Journal Of Industrial Aerodynamics, 2, pp. 149-157, 1977.
 
19.
Lawson, T. V., "Wind Tunnel Investigations", Journal Of Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 3, Nos. 2, 3, Paper No. 7, p. 177, July 1978.
 
20.
Timmons, M. B., "Experimental And Numerical Study Of Air Movement In Slot-Ventilated Enclosures", Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University Libraries, Ithaca, NY, 1979.
 
21.
-----, "Xenon Lamp Brightens Bubbles For Flow Analysis", Optical Spectra, Technology Trends, p. 32, May 1980.
 
22.
Pyle, B. E., Pontius, D. H., Snyder, T. R. and Sparks, L. E., "Particle Trajectory Studies In A Scale Model Electrostatic Precipitator", 73rd Annual Meeting Of The Air Pollution Control Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 22-27 June 1980.
 
23.
-----, "Bubbles Reveal Air Flow Around Structures", Building Failures Forum, Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 9, October 1980.
 
24.
-----, "Bubbles Trace Airflow Patterns", Agricultural Engineers Yearbook, Technology "80", American Society Of Agricultural Engineers, p. 88, 1980.
 
25.
Timmons, M. B., Albright, L. D., Furry, R. B. and Torrance, K. E., "Experimental And Numerical Study Of Air Movement In Slot-Ventilated Enclosures", Transactions of the ASHRAE, Vol. 86, No. 1, pp. 221-239, 1980.
 
26.
Mueller, T. J., "Flow Visualization By Direct Injection", University of Notre Dame, March 1981.
 
27.
Rhode, D. L., Lilley, D. G. and McLaughlin, D. K., "On The Prediction Of Swirling Flowfields Found In Axisymmetric Combustor Geometries", ASME Symposium On Fluid Mechanics Of Combustion Systems, 22-24 June 1981.
 
28.
Staley, L. M., “The Use Of Zero Buoyancy Bubbles To Measure Air Flow In Swine Buildings”, 61st Annual AIC Conference, Paper No. 81-209, Brock University, St. Catherines, Ontario, Canada, August 9-13, 1981.
 
29.
Niklas, K. J., "Simulated And Empiric Wind Pollination Patterns Of Conifer Ovulate Cones", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 79, pp. 510-514, January 1982.
 
30.
Bak, D. J., "Airflow Visualization Improves Electronic Instrument Design", Design News, New Design Ideas, pp. 80-81, March 1982.
 
31.
Kent, J. C. and Eaton, A. R., "Stereo Photography Of Neutral Density Helium-Filled Bubbles For 3-D Fluid Motion Studies In An Engine Cylinder", Applied Optics, Vol. 21, No. 5, p. 904, March 1982.
 
32.
Gaugler, R. E. and Russell, L. M., "Flow Visualization Study Of The Horseshoe Vortex In A Turbine Stator Cascade", NASA TP 1884 with Film Supplement C-298, June 1982.
 
33.
Niklas, K. J. and Paw U, K. T., "Pollination And Airflow Patterns Around Conifer Ovulate Cones", Science, Vol. 217, pp. 442-444, 30 July 1982.
 
34.
Robinson, G. M., "Air-Flow Images Reveal Disk File Contamination Paths", Design News, New Design Ideas, pp. 116-117, March 1983.
 
35.
Rhode, D. L., Lilley, D. G. and McLaughlin, D. K., "Mean Flowfields In Axisymmetric Combustor Geometries With Swirl", AIAA, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 593-600, April 1983.
 
36.
-----, "Buoyant Bubbles Track Complex Air Flows", Machine Design, Scanning The Field For Ideas, p. 30, June 1983.
 
37.
Santanam, C. B. and Tietbohl, G. L., "Complex Flow Visualization By A Unique Method", Third International Symposium On Flow Visualization, 6-9 September 1983.
 
38.
Gaugler, R. E. and Russell, L. M., "Comparison Of Visualized Turbine Endwall Secondary Flows And Measured Heat Transfer Patterns", Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines And Power, Vol. 106, pp. 168-172, January 1984.
 
39.
Whipple, R., "New Developments In Web Press Drying Systems, Part I", Graphic Arts Monthly, pp. 89-95, December 1984.
 
40.
Niklas, K. J. “Wind Pollination-A Study In Controlled Chaos”, American Scientist, Vol. 73, p. 462-470, September - October, 1985.
 
41.
Whitlow, T. H. and Mudrak, L. Y., "The Potential For Reducing Evaporation From The Soil Surface In Nursery Containers Using Modified Lip Shapes", Floriculture And Ornamental Horticulture Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, December 1985.
 
42.
Soling, S. P. and Knapp, J., "Laboratory Design Of Energy Efficient Exhaust Hoods", ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 91, Pt. 1, 1985.
 
43.
Carr, T. W., et al, "Aerodynamic Flow Visualization Techniques And Procedures", SAE Information Report, HS J1566, January 1986.
 
44.
Niklas, K. J., Buchmann, S. L. and Kerchner, V. “Aerodynamics Of Ephedra Trifurca: I. Pollen Grain Velocity Fields Around Stems Bearing Ovules”, American Journal of Botany. Vol. 73, p. 966-979, July, 1986.
 
45.
Seginer, A. and Salomon, M., "Performance Augmentation Of A 60-Degree Delta Aircraft Configuration By Spanwise Blowing", J. Aircraft, Vol. 23, No. 11, pp. 801-807, November 1986.
 
46.
Niklas, K. J. and Kerchner, V. “Aerodynamics Of Ephedra Trifurca II. Computer Modeling Of Pollination Efficiencies”, Journal of Mathematical Biology, Vol. 24, p. 1-24, 1986.
 
47.
Dong, Z., Zhongqi, W., Xiaodi, Z., Jialin, Q. and Xianzhong, L., "Colour Helium Bubble Flow Visualization Technique", Harbin Aerodynamic Research Institute, China, ICAS-86-1.7.1.
 
48.
Allen, W. H. and Price, O. T., "Physical Modeling Of Ventilation Systems For A Stacked-Cage Broiler Facility", Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 449-454, March-April, 1987.
 
49.
Pickering, P. L., Cucchiara, A. L., Gonzales, M. and McAtee, J. L., "Test Ventilation With Smoke, Bubbles and Balloons", ASHRAE Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN, 29 June 1987, Preprint No. NT-87-01-3; Also ASHRAE Transactions 1987, Vol. 93, Pt. 2.
 
50.
Mudrak, L., Trowbridge, P., Mills, K., Nettleton, A. and Ordway, D., "Landscape Forms For Mitigating Winds On Shoreline Sites", Landscape Architecture Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, December 1988.
 
51.
Choi, H. L., Albright, L. D., Timmons, M. B. and Warhaft, Z., "An Application Of The K-Epsilon Turbulence Model To Predict Air Distribution In A Slot-Ventilated Enclosure", Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 1804-1814, 1988.
 
52.
Dong, Z., Zhongqi, W., Xiaodi, Z., Jialin, Q. and Xianzhong, L., “Colour Helium Bubble Flow Visualization Technique”, Harbin Aerodynamic Research Institute, China, J. Aircraft, Vol. 26, No. 6, June 1989.
 
53.
Fellman, B., "An Engineer's Eye Helps Biologists Understand Nature", Smithsonian, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 98-105, July 1989.
 
54.
Coffen, C. D., George, A. R., Hardinge, H. and Stevenson, R., "Flow Visualization And Flow Field Measurements Of A 1/12 Scale Tilt Rotor Aircraft In Hover", Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
 
55.
Choi, H. L., Albright, L. D. and Timmons, M. B., "An Application Of The K- e Turbulence Model To Predict How A Rectangular Obstacle In A Slot-Ventilated Enclosure Affects Air Flow", Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 274-281, 1990.
 
56.
Bragg, M., Khodadoust, A., Soltani, R., Wells, S. and Kerho, M., "Effect Of A Simulated Ice Accretion On The Aerodynamics Of A Swept Wing", AIAA 91-0442, 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, January 7-10, 1991/Reno, NV.
 
57.
Kerho, M., Bragg, M. and Shin, J., "Helium Bubble Flow Visualization Of The Spanwise Separation On A NACA 0012 With Simulated Glaze Ice", AIAA 92-0413, 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit, January 6-9, 1992, Reno, NV.
 
58.
Heitbrink, W., Baron, P., and Willeke, K., “An Investigation Of Dust Generation By Free Falling Powders”, Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 53, October 1992.

 
59.

Kerho, M., "A Study Of The Accuracy Of Neutrally Buoyant Bubbles Used As Flow Tracers In Air", Master's Thesis, Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, University of Illinois-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 1992.
 
60.
Maghirang, R. G. and Manbeck, H. B., "Modeling Particle Transport in Slot-Inlet Ventilated Airspaces", Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 36(5), pp. 1449-1459, 1993.
 
61.
---, “Wind Effects On The ‘Leaning Tower Of Pisa’ ”, DMI News, Danish Maritime Institute, May 1994.
 
62.
Adre, N. and Albright, L. D., "Criterion For Establishing Similar Air Flow Patterns (Isothermal) In Slotted-Inlet Ventilated Enclosures", Transactions of the ASAE, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 235-250, 1994.
 
63.
---, “Soap Bubbles - Reveal Internal Flows In Industrial Plants”, New Scandinavian Technology, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 26-27, 1994.
 
64.
Acutherm “Therma-Fuser™ VAV Modules Are Better Than VAV Boxes”, Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning, pp. 31-34, September 1995.
 
65.
Heitbrink, W. A., Verb, R. H., Fischbach, T. J., Wallace, M. E., "A Comparison Of Conventional And High Volume-Low Pressure Spray-Painting Guns", AIHA Journal (57) pp. 304-310, March 1996.
 
66.
---,"Study Of Tracing Of Airflow With Neutrally Buoyant Bubbles", Technical Support Package, NASA Tech Briefs LEW-16085, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 199?.
 
67.
Müller, D. and Renz, U., “A Low Cost Particle Streak Tracking System (PST) And A New Approach To Three Dimensional Airflow Velocity Measurements”, Lehrstuhl f ür W ärme übertragund and Klimatechnik (W ÜK), RWTH-Aachen, Germany, 1998.
 
68.
  
Zhao, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Riskowski, G. L. and Christianson, L. L., “Measurement Of Airflow Patterns In Ventilated Spaces Using Particle Image Velocimetry”, Paper No. 994156, 1999 ASAE Annual International Meeting, 1999.
 
69.
Machacek, M. and Rosgen, T., “Development Of A Quantitative Real - Time Visualization Tool Based On 3D-PTV”, Paper No. 199, 9th International Symposium on Flow Visualization, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2000.
 
70.
Smith, H. N., Welt, D. and Rout, R. K., “Motion Analysis Enhances Visualization Of Underbody Flow”, SAE Technical Paper Series 2001-01-0628, SAE 2001 World Congress, Detroit, MI, March 2001.
 
71.
Hellickson, M. L. and Baskins, R. A., “Visual Documentation Of Air Flow Patterns In A Controlled Atmosphere Storage”, Bioresource Engineering Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 2001.
 
72.
Al-Shaali, R., Koenig, P. and Schiller, M., “Using A Helium Bubble Generator To Visualize Airflow Patterns In And Around Building Models”, SOLAR 2003, Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Solar Energy Society, Austin, Texas, 2003.
 
73.
  
Sun, Y. and Zhang, Y., “Development Of A Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry System For Full-Scale Room Airflow Studies, Part II: Experimental Setup”, ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 109, Part 2, 2003.
 
74.
  
Babie, B., and Nelson, R., “Flow Visualization Study of Far Field Wake Vortex Interactions”, 11 th Int. Symp. On Flow Visualization, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, August 9 – 12, 2004.
 
75.
  
Drbohlav, J., and Ulman, R., “Development Of 3D Particle Tracking System As A Flow Visualization Method Using Helium Bubble Generator”, Aerospace Testing Expo 2006, Open Technology Forum, Hamburg, Germany, April 4 – 6, 2006.
 
76.
  
Resagk, C., Lobutova, E., Rank, R., Müller, D., Putze, T. and Maas, H.-G., “Measurement Of Large-Scale Flow Structures In Air Using A Novel 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry Technique”, 13th Int. Symp. On Appl. Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, Lisbon, Portugal, June 26 – 29, 2006.
   
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